As the temperature rises, summer presents several specific health risks for dogs, particularly heatstroke and dehydration. Since you are managing a small animal practice, these are the key clinical and practical points to keep in mind for summer care:

1. Prevent Heatstroke (Hyperthermia)

Dogs don't sweat like humans; they rely on panting and paws to cool down.

• The "Pavement Test": If the asphalt is too hot for your hand to hold for 7 seconds, it is too hot for a dog's paws. Burned pads are a common summer injury.

• Walk Timing: Exercise should be restricted to the early morning or late evening when the sun is low.

• Never Leave in a Car: Even with windows cracked, a car’s internal temperature can rise to dangerous levels (over 40°C) within minutes.

2. Hydration and Cooling

• Constant Water Access: Provide multiple water bowls, ideally in shaded areas, and refresh them frequently to keep the water cool.

• Cooling Mats or Damp Towels: If a dog is panting heavily, letting them lie on a damp towel or a dedicated cooling mat helps lower their core temperature via conduction.

• Avoid Ice Water for Overheating: If a dog is already showing signs of heat stress, use lukewarm water to cool them down rather than ice-cold water, which can cause peripheral vasoconstriction.

3. Grooming and Skin Protection

• Don't Shave Double Coats: For breeds like German Shepherds or Labradors, their coat actually acts as insulation against the heat. Shaving them can lead to sunburn and poor temperature regulation.

• Sunscreen: Dogs with white fur or thin hair (like on the nose and ear tips) can get sunburned. Use pet-safe, zinc-free sunscreen if they spend time outdoors.

4. Parasite Control

Summer is the peak season for many vectors:

• Ticks and Fleas: Ensure all dogs are on a strict preventative schedule (oral or topical).

• Heartworm: Mosquitoes are more active in the heat, making heartworm prevention critical.

If a client mentions any of these symptoms, it should be treated as an emergency:

• Excessive, thick-saliva panting

• Bright red or purple gums

• Lethargy or stumbling

• Vomiting or diarrhea